Anal fissure is a special disease, which many feel free to talk about. In fact, few people can admit that he has problems in the anus. Despite this, this disease is actively developing and is found in millions of adults, as well as in children.
According to statistics, insidious pathology is in third place in the ranking of proctological diseases. It comes immediately after paraproctitis, hemorrhoids. If you detect suspicious symptoms, it is important to immediately contact your doctor to undergo a full examination and begin therapy.
What it is
The fissure of the anus or rectum has the form of a long, narrow defect in the mucous membrane, in this part it breaks into pieces, so a layer of muscle tissue is exposed. As for the length of the crack, it varies within no more than two centimeters, and the depth and thickness are several millimeters. Such defects do not appear in any part of the anus, but only on the back or front wall.
As for the front location, this phenomenon is often observed in the female, due to the biological characteristics of the organism. In fairly rare cases, cracks are formed on the side parts.
There are two forms of the disease, namely chronic and acute. As for the latter, this is a crack that appeared not very long ago, it is overgrown on the background of favorable conditions. If you do not start a competent and timely treatment, this form of pathology can develop into a chronic one within two to three weeks.
The chronic type of pathology signals the presence of small tubercles, coarse edges at the beginning and end, is not able to heal on its own, so it is impossible to do without surgical intervention. Despite the fact that the disease has remission, no need to hope that they will provide a complete cure.
If the patient is tormented by constipation or he does not follow diet therapy, the disease is able to flare up with a new force. Most often the anal fissure is accompanied by spasm of the sphincter, which significantly complicates the process of defecation, and this is a frequent occurrence with constipation.
Do not forget about possible complications, since every act of defecation adversely affects the crack, which is extremely dangerous during constipation, when the stool is very hard. In addition to all of the above, a multitude of pathogenic microorganisms and bacteria accumulate in the area of the crack, which provokes an inflammatory process. The presence of an untreated fracture is fraught with extremely serious consequences and complications. This condition can trigger a number of health problems:
- sepsis;
- fistulae
- gangrene;
- acute type purulent paraproctitis;
- heavy bleeding;
- trophic ulcers.
It is important to remember: if a man suffers with a similar problem, then the risk of developing prostatitis, namely inflammation of the prostate gland, increases several times.
Causes
Among the main causes of proctological pathology are frequent constipation, which can provoke hemorrhoids, which is much more serious and dangerous than cracks. The main precipitating factors:
- anal sex;
- the presence of hemorrhoids and condylomas of the anus;
- the dietotherapy, urging to use only fast food;
- mechanical injury, which may be the result of a bowel movement;
- complicated childbirth;
- spasms in the sphincter area;
- inactive lifestyle, sedentary work;
- AIDS, syphilis, tuberculosis;
- impaired blood circulation in the area of the mucous membrane of the anus.
If the cause of the crack is constipation, then with the normalization of the stool over time, you can get rid of the insidious disease. It is important to remember that at the first complicated bowel movement the pathology returns again.
Symptoms of a crack in the anus
The presence of anal fissures is accompanied by fairly strong pain that occurs after using the toilet or during a bowel movement. In most cases, the pain is acute, it is similar to the presence of broken glass in the anus. It is important to know that the pains are able to persist for a long time, they begin to increase in case of prolonged sitting.
This condition can cause insomnia, a neurotic state, fear of defecation appears, which provokes more severe constipation and is cause for exacerbation.
The main symptoms include the presence of blood in the feces. It may not be very much, as well as in large quantities, which provokes anemia. Basically it is directly related to the size and nature of the lesion of the anus. This pathology lays a powerful imprint on the style and lifestyle of the patient, since there is no opportunity to engage in sedentary work, the psychological state is greatly aggravated.
Treatment in adults
Therapy of fissure in the anal passage is time consuming and serious. It is important to know that it is completely possible to cure the disease, only a number of efforts will be required from the medical staff and the patient himself.
The chronic form of the disease is treated only by surgery, and the acute form is conservative, which is the main difference from all other diseases.
If the crack has not very large dimensions, namely microcracks, it is better to leave it to heal on its own. When there is no annoying factor, the damage may be delayed for several days. This can be achieved only under one condition, if there is no defecation, for this you need to stick to a diet for several days.
In most cases, cracks are large, so overgrowth will take too much time. To eliminate them, it is necessary to resort to a combination therapy consisting of a diet, medications, and a correct lifestyle. According to practice, a completely effective treatment is carried out even at home.
If there is a sphincter spasm, intense pain syndrome, then you can not do without antispasmodics and painkillers, as well as the means necessary for wound healing. The duration of therapy depends on the complexity of the disease, the specific course of treatment, so it can take from two weeks to several months.
You can use pills, namely, laxatives, as cracks are often the result of constipation. The most effective are those based on aloe and senna, but in the case of irritable bowel syndrome, they are strictly contraindicated.
In this situation, suitable drugs based on artificial cellulose, as well as psyllium seedlings. Well help laxatives consisting of polyhydric alcohols, namely Duphalac. Do not do without antispasmodics, most often have to use Drotaverine. For the treatment of anal fissures is not customary to prescribe antibacterial agents.
Ointment
This type of medicine is applied to the area near the anus twice a day after the bowel movement process. It is worth paying attention to the ointment with wound healing and antispasmodic effect, which are incredibly popular. By local antispasmodics can be attributed Nitroglycerin 0.2% ointment, it can be purchased strictly by prescription.
It is advisable to give preference to new ointments, which include botulinum toxin, as it relieves spasms of blood vessels. As an antiseptic effect, it is worth using ointments containing powerful antibiotics - Levomekol. The excellent results are shown by the drug, based on sea buckthorn oil, namely Argosulfan and Relief, Solkoseril, Actovegin.
Local products such as: have excellent efficiency and high demand;
- Aurobin;
- Bepanten;
- Ultraprokt;
- Methyluracil;
- Dexpanthenol.
Candles
It is worth paying attention to rectal healing candles, which are most effective in the treatment of cracks. If there are no contraindications, then you should opt for this particular form of medication.
Most suppositories are placed twice a day, many people have a wound-healing property, a laxative and antispasmodic effect can be observed, it is possible to strengthen and strengthen local immunity.
The suppositories called Posterizan deserve special attention, since they contain bacteria that provoke the development of a backlash from the human body. This drug has anesthetic and wound-healing type of exposure.
The most popular candles for healing anal fissure:
- Anastezol;
- Relief;
- Proktoglivenol;
- Hepatrombin.
Procedures
In the case of sharp cracks, daily evening trays are shown, in which manganese solution should be added. As for the water temperature, it should not be more than 40 degrees, and the duration of the manipulation - twenty minutes.
Do not do without enemas with chamomile broth and sea buckthorn oil. This mixture is injected in a volume of 50 ml into the anus, it is performed 10 minutes before the act of defecation for 14 days.
Features of the treatment of anal fissure in a child
Regarding anal fissures in children, the problem can be triggered by malnutrition, the abuse of smoked, spicy foods. In addition, there are many secondary, but no less important factors:
- worm infestation;
- too frequent constipation or diarrhea;
- injuries, Crohn's disease;
- inflammation, infection in the rectal area;
- use of laxatives.
Disease among children is extremely rare, so it is quite possible to do without surgery. Often, the proctologist prescribes special rectal suppositories, ointments and diet therapy.
How to cure at home
For home therapy, you can pay attention to effective, simple and safe recipes of traditional medicine.
Methods of home treatment:
- In equal proportions mix propolis and badger fat, hold on the steam bath, then add alcohol. When the hardening begins, suppositories should be formed for rectal administration.
- Take three Streptocide tablets and crush thoroughly, then combine with aloe juice and honey, use overnight as a lotion.
- An equal amount of water, hop cones and hypericum mix and send to warm over low heat. Leave on for four hours, then melt the pork, fish or badger fat, combine with the extract and make suppositories.
Means prepared according to the proposed recipes must be stored in the refrigerator.
As for prevention, it is useful to everyone, even those who have not encountered this pathology. It is important to know that at risk are those who lead a sedentary lifestyle, who are dominated by constipation. That is why it is important to prevent the development of difficult bowel movements, you should go in for sports, eat right, move as much as possible.
Of particular importance is the careful and slow chewing of food, since the presence of solid residues is fraught with complications. In addition, do not abuse this kind of comfort, like anal sex. It is much easier to prevent the development of pathology than to treat it.
