Often, bleeding from the nose may appear at the most inopportune moment, and for some people, the problem becomes permanent. The reasons for its occurrence can be numerous, from simple mechanical to the symptoms of very serious diseases. When blood comes from the nose, it is better to be examined by an otolaryngologist, who will help to make an accurate diagnosis and, if necessary, send the person to hospital if the cause of the bleeding is a dangerous injury.
Often, it is quite simple to make an accurate diagnosis, since in most cases the problem arises as a result of simple mechanical damage to the blood vessels in the nose. Such bleeding is easy to stop, and the intervention of a doctor is required only in those cases when it is impossible to do it yourself.
However, when blood from the nose is one of the symptoms of the disease, it is much more difficult to deal with the cause. All this makes frequent blood loss very dangerous for normal life, so be sure to know how to stop them and if possible prevent the occurrence.
What are the bleeding
By themselves, nasal bleeding is the loss of blood from the nasal cavity resulting from the integrity of the capillary walls. Scarlet blood can come out of the nostrils with drops or a small stream, slowly flowing down the back of the throat. This symptom is very common among patients who fall into the department of ENT therapy. At the moment, all nosebleeds are divided into 2 groups. Each of them has its own localization in one of the sections of the nose.
Frontal hemorrhages are responsible in almost 90% of cases of blood vessel disorders in the Kisselbach area. It is completely penetrated by a huge number of small capillaries and has almost no protection, only a small mucous membrane that completely dispenses with the submucosal layer. Anterior blood loss is distinguished by a low risk to life and small blood loss, it does not require the intervention of a doctor.
Posterior hemorrhages are more dangerous because they concentrate in the deep parts of the nose, where relatively large vessels are located. Due to the size after their damage, there is a large loss of blood. Independently stop such blood loss is quite rare, so there may be a life-threatening situation.
Another classification of hemorrhage is its difference in the abundance of blood loss:
- Minor - only a few tens of milliliters are lost, which slowly flow from the nostrils. Stopping blood loss is simple enough if you apply the rules of first aid. The patient does not experience other inconveniences, except for fright and small discomfort.
- With moderate hemorrhage, the patient loses no more than half a liter of blood. This situation is more dangerous for the body, because there is a feeling of weakness, it begins to darken before our eyes, strong thirst appears, and the skin loses its healthy tone.
- With severe bleeding, about a liter of blood is lost, in some situations, its volume can even reach one and a half liters. This situation is dangerous for the life and health of the patient, since hemorrhagic shock can develop, which smoothly flows into a swoon, the blood gradually ceases to be normally distributed throughout the body to feed the organs with oxygen, the blood pressure drops very much.
When you need the help of a doctor
It is one thing when a couple of drops of blood flowed out of the nose after a small blow to it, but it is quite another when the bleeding is quite pronounced, and it is not possible to stop it yourself. Diagnosis by a physician is required in the following cases:
- When the injury of the nose along with blood loss is accompanied by deformity of the body and severe edema.
- When hemorrhage is a frequent symptom that has arisen due to the body's response to long-term medications taken or due to high blood pressure.
- When a child or an adult has blood flowing due to a foreign body that has damaged blood vessels enters the nasal area. It cannot be removed, despite the small size. ENT is required for proper extraction without subsequent damage.
- With severe bleeding, which, despite all the measures taken to stop the blood, does not stop for at least half an hour.
- When bleeding are frequent guests, it is very difficult to stop for a long time. Often after they form unpleasant bruises, and there is also a strong bleeding gums.
Possible causes of nosebleeds
In adult
In general, all the causes of blood loss from the nose in adults can be divided into 2 large groups: local and general.
Local causes are the most common. These include:
- Injuries to the nasal area. Mechanical damage resulting from shocks or other interventions. For example, getting into the nose of foreign objects, damage to the mucous membranes after surgery or medical procedures (puncture, nasogastric sounding).
- Pathological diseases, one of the symptoms of which is excessive accumulation of blood in the nasal mucosa. These include various types of rhinitis and sinusitis.
- Tumors that appear only in the nasal cavity. They may be benign or malignant.
- The dystrophy of a mucous membrane arising because of curvatures in a nasal septum or an atrophic rhinitis.
Common causes are harder to establish because additional medical examination may be required. So the primary principle can be:
- Various blood diseases and vitamin deficiency.
- Cardio-vascular diseases: hypertension, heart defects, high blood pressure;
- Severe overheating of the body or sunstroke, in some cases, cause to be infectious diseases.
- Hormonal imbalance, endocrine disruption in pregnant women.
- Sharp external pressure drops. They are subject to people mainly when climbing to a greater height, and then during a sharp descent.
The child has
Almost all nosebleeds in children occur for local reasons. That is why it is important to establish what exactly caused the rupture of a blood vessel. The most common causes of children's bleeding:
- bruises, fractures, or other injuries to the nose or base of the skull;
- damage to the nasal mucosa by an extraneous sharp object;
- the appearance of the parasite in the nose, this can occur due to the larvae of worms or the inhalation of small pests;
- consequences of correcting a congenital defect - nasal septum curve;
- rhinitis, tumors and other ENT diseases;
- the fragility of blood vessels that burst under the influence of infectious diseases with high temperatures;
- hormonal changes in the children's organism (transitional age);
- high blood pressure, sunstroke and so on.
How to stop bleeding from the nose
As soon as the patient began to pour blood from the nose, it is required to immediately begin to provide first aid. Quite often, a person, especially a child, starts to panic a lot, so the first thing to do is to calm him down, otherwise blood will flow more abundantly due to increased pressure.
- Calmly sit the person on a chair, tilt his head slightly forward. In no case can it be rejected. Let him squeeze the bridge slightly. Usually, for weak anterior blood loss, it lasts 5 minutes for them to stop almost completely, and the blood clot clogs the ruptured capillary.
- If the clothes are tight or there is a tie or jewelry around the neck, they should be removed or loosened so that oxygen can freely penetrate the lungs.
- Put an ice compress on your nose to remove any swelling. Keep it should be no more than 10 minutes.
- If the blood loss is significant, then hydrogen peroxide or nasal drops with a vasoconstrictive effect can be dropped into the nostrils. You can also make a tampon from them by placing it against the central wall of the nose. Just then you should not take it out sharply, as damage may re-open.
When blood from the nose began to flow due to severe overheating of the body, the patient requires hospitalization.
Before the arrival of the ambulance, place the victim in a cool room by placing an ice compress on his nose. When the patient loses consciousness, you need to lay on the bed, slightly throw back his head.
In any case, if after a quarter of an hour after the start of first aid there is no visible effect, you should immediately call a doctor. If the blood has stopped, and the patient has no negative feelings, then a simple walk in the fresh air and tea with a high content of sugar will suffice.
Prevention measures for adults and children
To create preventive measures against epistaxis, it is first necessary to remove the factors leading to the occurrence of blood loss:
- prevent injuries and mechanical damage to the nose;
- constantly humidify the air in the apartment and mucous membrane;
- time to treat diseases, a symptom of which may be blood loss;
- use drugs that increase blood coagulation when using;
- go to proper nutrition, containing all the necessary vitamins and minerals for normal life;
- avoid any external, including toxic, effects.
How to cause blood from the nose
Oddly enough, such an action may sometimes be needed in the case of a pronounced increased pressure in a person. Absolutely safe ways simply do not exist. Relatively "harmless" methods are a blow to the nose or active scratching to damage the capillaries. But we would advise all the same hypertensive patients not to forget the appropriate drugs, so as not to resort to such unpleasant procedures.
What dreams of blood from the nose: what they say dream books
Interpretations of sleep, in which nasal bleeding is felt, usually boil down to the fact that there will be times when you have to work hard to achieve any goals. Some "fortunetellers" claim that the blood from the nose, which you can’t stop in a dream, promises illness or some kind of trouble with relatives.
Quite often, the blood from the nose is not a serious disease, but only the result of trauma. With the right lifestyle, little trauma about epistaxis can easily be forgotten. However, if the bleeding is frequent and very severe, then an appeal to the ENT should be mandatory. In some situations, they can become very dangerous or signal to a person about abnormalities in the body.
