Mycoplasmosis in women is an infectious disease caused by unicellular bacteria mycoplasmas. These protozoa microorganisms can dwell on the mucous membrane of the genital organs for quite a long time and not bother the person. That is why it is often not possible to detect mycoplasmas immediately.
What is mycoplasmosis and transmission?
Mycoplasmosis is a disease, the main role in the development of which is played by the simplest bacteria of mycoplasma. They are present in the body of animals, humans, on the surface of plants. Mycoplasmas are independent living microorganisms, parasitic in the intracellular space.
The structure of mycoplasmas does not allow attributing them to a virus or bacteria, their detection using an optical microscope is impossible.
In total, medicine currently knows 16 types of these microorganisms that may be in the human body. 10 species of microbes live in the mouth, the rest are found on the mucous membranes of the urogenital system.
The difficulty is the lack of knowledge of certain types of bacteria, which may prevent the correct diagnosis.
The most dangerous for human health are the following types of mycoplasmas:
- Mycoplasma genitalium;
- Mycoplasma hominis
If the analysis showed the presence of other species, there is no cause for concern.
Most often, the mycoplasma genitalium and hominis settle on the mucous membranes of the genital organs, regardless of gender or age. So, mycoplasma hominis is present on the surface of the genital organs at birth in more than 20% of girls. The risk of infecting boys is much lower.
There are cases when children who received an infection while passing through the birth canal, recovered without any treatment.
But this is usually characteristic of boys, rather than girls. In this regard, among adolescent girls who abstain from sex, mycoplasma hominis is observed in only 15%. But for those who are in contact with a partner, early begins to have sex, the risk of this virus is higher, because the bacteria are sexually transmitted. Mycoplasma hominis is present in 25% of women, men are less susceptible to this bacterium. Also in humans can occur mycoplasma genitalia, although this bacteria is less common.
The main mode of transmission is sexual contact with an infected person. At the same time, the risk of developing mycoplasmosis is high, both with genital and anal or oral sex. The only remedy that can prevent infection is a mechanical means of protection. Often mycoplasmosis is characterized as a sluggish pathology, the symptoms of which do not appear immediately, but 3-4 months after the ingestion of bacteria.
The danger of mycoplasmosis is the absence of signs that indicate a disease. Most of the infected people do not even suspect the presence of infection.
Some physicians do not exclude infection with mycoplasmosis through everyday objects. However, it cannot be said with 100% certainty that an infection can enter the body in this way.
Symptoms of mycoplasmosis
There are no typical symptoms of this disease. Most often there are periodic discharge, itching, burning sensation in the vagina, discomfort during urination.
Symptoms depend on the prevalence of the inflammatory process. With the defeat of the uterus, appendages may disturb the aching pain in the lower abdomen. If treatment is prescribed without diagnostics, or traditional methods are used, the processes may temporarily subside, but will soon reappear.
The disease takes a chronic course. Such mycoplasmosis is dangerous with the following complications:
- chronic endometritis;
- infertility;
- miscarriage of the fetus;
- abnormal development of the fetus;
- high incidence of children in the perinatal period.
Therefore, before starting treatment, it is required to undergo a full diagnosis.
Diagnostics
Diagnostics consist of the following methods:
- PCR. Based on this molecular genetic diagnosis, it is possible to identify the problem with an accuracy of up to 96%. For analysis, blood, mucus, urine, or scraping of the urogenital tract are taken. The main disadvantage is the high cost of the method.
- Cultural method. Used urine or smear mucous. This is an accurate analysis that will not only determine the type of microorganism, but also to study their resistance to antibiotics. The disadvantage of the method is that specialists have to grow a colony of bacteria for a long time. There may also be some difficulties with decoding the result. For example, healthy women may also have mycoplasma, and here it is important to understand and appreciate the value of the norm and pathological condition.
- Ultrasound of the pelvic organs and bladder. This will determine how involved the human urinary system.
As an additional study, clinical blood tests may be prescribed.
Prevention
When planning a pregnancy, you need to be examined for all sexually transmitted infections and, if they are identified, it is imperative to cure them.
Other recommendations:
- visit the gynecologist once a year even in the absence of complaints;
- use a condom when there is doubt about the sexual partner;
- abandon casual sex;
- monitor the state of immunity and improve it;
- treat STIs.
Mycoplasmosis often occurs without characteristic symptoms, which can create difficulties in the timely diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Mycoplasmosis Treatment
After mycoplasmosis is detected, therapy is carried out only with the use of antibacterial drugs. In some cases, a specialist may prescribe a whole range of drugs: vitamins, probiotics, immunomodulators.
Antibacterial therapy is carried out exclusively under the supervision of the attending physician, since the independent prescription of drugs can not only not cure the disease, but also harm the body. In addition, when choosing a drug specialist relies on data analysis, with which you can determine which antibacterial agents will be most effective in a particular case.
When treating antibiotics is required to follow a few simple rules.
If any adverse reactions occur, report them to a specialist and remember that simultaneous treatment with antibiotics and alcohol intake are strictly prohibited.
Since mycoplasma is sexually transmitted, it is necessary to be treated not only for women, but also for men. The most popular antibacterial drugs are:
- Trichopol. Available in pill form. Allows you to cure not only mycoplasmosis, but also a number of other diseases, such as chlamydia, trichomoniasis. The peculiarity of this drug is the possibility of its use in combination with antibiotics of another series.
- Metrogil. The tool is available in tablets and in the form of a gel. It is prescribed to men for external use.
- Additionally, Sumamed is prescribed for treatment. Used in the form of tablets, the course - up to 5 days. The peculiarity of this tool is the ability to accumulate in tissues and cells. That is what makes this tool very effective.
- Azithromycin. The drug tends to penetrate the tissues of the genitourinary system, accumulate there, which also allows you to effectively eliminate all microorganisms.
- Doxycycline Usually it is prescribed in capsules that need to be washed down with water. But in rare cases, intravenous administration can also be prescribed. This tool can be used to treat pregnant and lactating mothers.
- Wilprafen. Available in the form of tablets that need to be taken at an interval of 12 hours, the duration of treatment is not less than 10 days. Can be used to treat children under one year.
- Amoxiclav Means is quickly soaked up that causes its speed. Especially often it is prescribed to women, because it accumulates in the ovaries and uterus, providing the maximum effect.
Antibiotics are quite aggressive drugs. They kill not only pathogenic, but also useful microflora. Therefore, it is additionally necessary to take prebiotics, which will colonize the body with bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.
The doctor may prescribe Linex, Normoflorin, Florin, Lacidofil, Bifidumbakterin. Schemes and duration of admission will determine the doctor.
In some cases, doctors may prescribe and use of antifungal drugs, for example, Fluconazole. Additionally, you can prescribe syringing, in this case, Miramistin or Chlorhexidine will do.
Additionally, doctors recommend taking vitamins, since mycoplasma is often manifested against a background of weakened immunity. Additionally required to take immunostimulants. The most famous of them: Interferon, Wobenzym.
Some additionally use folk remedies: lemongrass, ginseng, echinacea. After treatment, it is very important to undergo a re-examination to confirm the absence of mycoplasma in the body. It is carried out no earlier than 30 days after the end of antibiotic treatment.
