Hypertension 2 degrees: symptoms, therapy

Grade 2 hypertension is a pathology that requires competent and timely treatment. In the absence of therapy, very serious complications can occur.

The reasons

Normally, a person’s blood pressure is 120/80. In some people, the rate is low - 100/70 or increased - 150/100. However, such exceptions are rare and most often regarded as pathology. If blood pressure rises without cause, the person begins to experience headache, fatigue, discomfort, which may indicate the development of hypertension.

Hypertension is associated with a regular or chronic increase in blood pressure, in which there is a reduction in the walls of blood vessels, a decrease in the lumen of small capillaries, there is a difficulty in blood outflow. In this case, the heart begins to work as hard as possible.

The most frequent complications of hypertension include dysfunction of the brain and kidneys. In case of delayed treatment, a heart attack or death may occur.

Hypertension is divided into 3 stages:

• light or first;
• moderate - the second;
• heavy - the third.

Grade 2 is considered the most dangerous, since without proper treatment it dramatically develops into a more severe form.

Increased pressure of the second degree is most often diagnosed in elderly people, when the walls of blood vessels lose their tone, blood thickens. But every year the pathology is “younger”, today it can be detected even in adolescents.

Wrong lifestyle, nerves, overwork, all this can lead to the development of hypertension. Under similar circumstances, even in a completely healthy person, the pressure can jump to 20–30 divisions in the tonometer.

If the condition does not stabilize, the body will begin to get used to increased pressure, which leads to the development of the second stage of the disease. There may be edema in the morning, distraction of attention, girdle pain in the temples and occipital part.

The main causes of the development of hypertension 2 degrees include:

• diabetes;
• heredity;
• abuse of salty or sweet foods;
• smoking, alcohol;
• passive lifestyle;
• overweight;
• pregnancy;
• stress;
• kidney and liver failure;
• dramatic hormonal changes.

In addition, grade 2 hypertension is often a concomitant symptom of other pathologies, for example:

• thyroid dysfunction;
• vegetative dystonia;
• inflammation of the genitourinary system and so on.

Risk and hazards

There are so-called risks of developing concomitant diseases.

These include:

• age from 65 years;
• elevated blood sugar;
• genetic predispositions;
• excess weight;
• bad habits;
• deterioration of the brain.

Also, these factors increase the likelihood of swelling of the brain, lungs, heart attack.

The degrees of danger are divided into two groups:

• adjustable, which include smoking, overweight;
• not adjustable, such as age, heredity.

Thanks to this, it is possible to determine the probability of developing the disease:

1. Risk 1. Minimum. In the absence of a hereditary factor, maintaining a proper lifestyle.
2. Risk 2. Bad habits, overweight. In this case, the probability of hemorrhage is more than 20%.
3. Risk 3. The presence of three additional symptoms of the disease. The probability of development is 30%.
4. Risk 4. Patients who have experienced a heart attack. The probability of re-development of the disease is 50%.

The best diagnosis in hypertension stage 1 disease without risk. In this case, the probability of developing pathology is 15%. With age, this figure increases, so you need to find the right treatment.

The diagnosis of hypertension 2 degrees 2 risk groups put the patient in the presence of the following factors that aggravate the disease:

• bad habits;
• unhealthy diet;
• elevated blood sugar levels;
• overweight;
• endocrine diseases.

In hypertension grade 2, risk groups 2 are more likely than 20% to develop pathology. At the same time, the organs of sight and the kidneys primarily suffer. Hypertension 2 degrees 3 risk groups - a diagnosis that is made to those who suffer from diabetes. Pathology in the body may occur in the next 10 years with a probability of 30%. The first are the heart and kidneys.

With a sharp progression of the disease can develop:

• ischemia;
• kidney and liver failure;
• vision loss;
• heart attack

Risk 4 for hypertension is put to every patient who has experienced a heart attack. The probability of recurrence is 50%.

Also in this group are patients suffering from chronic pathologies of the heart. People who suffer from hypertension, it is important to understand that the risk is only the probability of the development of pathology. With the correct and timely treatment of negative effects can be avoided.

Main symptoms

During the transition from stage to stage, high pressure can have different characteristics. Symptoms of hypertension 2 degrees are very noticeable, they indicate a serious disturbance in the functioning of the body.

The most common symptoms are:

• headaches;
• frequent tinnitus;
• dizziness;
• memory problems;
• redness of the skin, couperosis on the face;
• fatigue;
• anxiety;
• dilation of the eye vessels;
• numbness of fingers

Grade 2 hypertension is also characterized by nausea, increased sweating, and vascular insufficiency.

In this case, the pressure increases to 180, nausea, vomiting, dizziness. With these symptoms, you should immediately begin drug therapy, taking drugs for treatment, to avoid the risk of developing phase 3 disease, which can cause a hypertensive crisis or coma.

How is the diagnosis?

The main way to diagnose second-degree hypertension is to measure blood pressure in the mornings and evenings for 10-14 days.

The patient needs to measure and record indications in order to continue to inform their doctor. Also, experts should examine the patient for the presence of edema, listen to the lungs, heart, determine the position of the heart. The following instrumental methods may be needed to determine the possible causes of this pathology and potential complications:

1. Ultrasound of the heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas. Occurring pathological processes in the organs will help identify the etiological factor and prevent the occurrence of complications.
2. CT is required to assess the state of the tissues of the heart.
3. Doppler blood vessels. The narrowing of at least one of the vessels may cause the development of arterial hypertension.
4. General analysis of urine and blood. According to the results of the obtained data, the doctor makes a diagnosis, the severity of the pathology, prescribes the necessary treatment.

Treatment of hypertension 2 degrees

The scheme is a local therapist, and if necessary, you may need to consult a cardiologist and a neurologist. Traditionally, drug therapy includes:

1. To eliminate blood density using Aspirin, Heparin, Cardiomagnyl.
2. To normalize pressure, we need the following diuretic drugs: Diuver, Peritonil.
3. With the specified diagnosis, it is recommended to take thiazide drugs, for example Indapamide.
4. To lower cholesterol in the blood, it is necessary to take lipid-lowering drugs, such as Atoris.
5. For the expansion of blood vessels, antihypertensive drugs of various groups are prescribed, for example, Artsil, Lisinopril, Bisoprolol.

In drawing up a treatment plan, consider:

• age of the person;
• the presence or absence of emotional and physical stress;
• the presence of diabetes, overweight, problems in the endocrine system;
• cardiovascular complications, diseases of the kidneys, eyes, brain;
• the presence of a crisis in the past;
• blood cholesterol levels.

To strengthen the immune system, alleviate the symptoms, can assign a variety of decoctions for the preparation of decoctions and tinctures: chamomile, mint, lemon balm, valerian

Features of a diet for hypertension

In order for the vessels to work in normal mode, hypertensive patients with any stage of the pathology must adhere to certain rules of nutrition. For example, it is very important to control the water-salt balance, which will prevent the formation of stagnation and complications. Fatty, fried, sweet, smoked dishes are banned.

There are some foods that will help lower blood pressure. These include:

1. Blueberry. Berries are rich in natural substances called flavonoids.
2. Cabbage, broccoli, spinach, celery.
3. Potatoes. It contains a lot of potassium and magnesium.
4. Beet. Nitrates in beet juice reduce blood pressure.
5. Skimmed milk. It is an excellent source of calcium.
6. Oatmeal. This product is high in fiber, low in fat, sodium.
7. Bananas. Enrich the diet with potassium.

Medical nutrition in hypertension of 2 degrees provides for the inclusion in the menu of boiled meat of low-fat varieties, fruits and vegetables. It is useful to drink green tea, diuretic decoctions of herbs.

ethnoscience

There are many useful recipes from the field of traditional medicine, which have a good therapeutic effect. However, do not forget that they can be used only after consultation with the attending specialist. Often used plants that have a sedative property: calming the central nervous system, they also lower blood pressure. These include:

1. Broth valerian, hawthorn, motherwort. Take in equal proportions each plant in a dry form, brew with boiling water. Leave to infuse for 20 minutes, then drink during the day 30 minutes before meals.
2. Cranberry. Take in equal proportions cranberries, sugar, mix everything up, take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day for half an hour before meals. The course of treatment is 3 weeks, after which you need to take a break for 10 days and repeat the course again.
3. Cranberry. For the preparation you need to take 200 ml of fresh beet or carrot juice, 250 g of honey, 150 g of cranberries, 100 ml of alcohol. All ingredients are mixed, then they are left to infuse for three days in a dark cool place. The finished tincture is taken 3 times a day, one tablespoon before meals.
4. Garlic. Take two large heads of garlic, pour 200 ml of alcohol. Leave to infuse in a dark, cool place for two weeks, then consume 20 drops 3 times a day half an hour before meals.

Hypertensives instead of tea, you can additionally take the broth of wild rose, motherwort, viburnum, mountain ash, cranberries, blueberries. Also, it is desirable to eat citrus fruits, honey, green tea.

What are the predictions?

It is impossible to completely cure this disease, but it is possible to ensure a long and happy life - it is in the hands of the patient himself. It is necessary to follow all the recommendations of the doctor, take the dosage of drugs, lead a healthy lifestyle.

But ignoring any of these items can shorten the life, increases the risk of disability. Patients with hypertension should be transferred to a sparing schedule. This is especially true for those who are subject to emotional or physical stress.

If the pathology has a severe course, then frequent hypertensive crises adversely affect the worker's ability to work. In such cases, many determine the disability of 3 degrees.

Complications

If you do not take appropriate measures in a timely manner, then the disease will go into the third stage.

Development of the following complications is not excluded:

• frequent bouts of crisis;
• myocardial infarction;
• atherosclerosis;
• stroke;
• swelling of the lungs and brain;
• angina pectoris;
• encephalopathy.

Grade 2 hypertension and pregnancy

A pregnant woman with this pathology may well endure and give birth to a healthy baby, but it often happens that the pregnancy ends pitifully. The risk is very high, so a woman with this pathology must be under the constant supervision of a physician.

So, a pregnant woman with this diagnosis should be regularly examined: measure blood pressure, pass urine for protein. Not all drugs for hypertension are permissible during childbearing, so the doctor should select the tactics and treatment regimen.

Also, the woman must adhere to a certain diet, work and rest. This pathology during pregnancy can provoke the following complications:

• preterm delivery;
• hypoxia;
• hypotrophy;
• fetal fetal death.

Prevention

Preventive measures are reduced to prevent the development and progression of pathology, to maintain normal blood pressure. To do this, follow the simple and effective recommendations:

• measure pressure regularly;
• control yourself, not allowing the appearance of extra pounds;
• to ensure proper healthy nutrition with an adequate vitamin content;
• walk in the fresh air, do not forget about physical education;
• avoid conflicts, stress;
• give up any bad habits, alcohol, nicotine, tobacco, and so on;
• if you have any complaints, you should consult a doctor;
• undergo a routine inspection.

At the moment, pathology is found not only in old age, but also in young people. Most often develops due to the actions of the patient himself, his lifestyle, ignoring the signals of the body

Watch the video: What REALLY Causes High Blood Pressure Hypertension? (April 2024).