Rules of first aid in thermal and sunstroke

Everyone must remember the rules for carrying out urgent actions in cases of thermal and solar shocks. Untimely measures lead to nerve cell damage, respiratory failure, muscle cramps, fainting.

It is important when there is a competent helper nearby who knows the rules for the necessary help with overheating and knows how to fulfill them. This will make you feel better, keep you healthy, and often, the life of the victim!

How is heat stroke different from sun?

Sunstroke is celebrated with a long stay under the rays of a celestial body. The infrared rays that make up the sunlight heat the skin. Overheating get deep muscles, tissues, organs. Brain cells are damaged, the vessels dilate and grow, there is an overabundance of blood. The blood from the bed of blood vessels partially flows into the space between the cells, which provokes swelling.

The human brain is located in the skull, closed and inextensible space. Blood overfilling and edema increase pressure on the brain. Neurons experience oxygen deficiency, become damaged and die.

At the same time, motor, sensitive activity is disturbed. It is proved that the sun is subject to overheating of all body systems. The victims are marked at the same time signs of sun and heat stroke.

Heat stroke is manifested due to overheating of the whole body. It comes when it is impossible for the body to release the heat obtained from the work of the vital activity systems.

There is a blow of heat not only from the sun, but also in a room with temperatures above normal, lack of oxygen and high humidity. Manifested by the rapid deterioration of the victim. In difficult moments, failure to provide assistance, is fatal.

Causes of heat or sunstroke

The cause of sunstroke is a long stay in the sun without a hat or scarf.

Heat stroke develops for several reasons:

1. Stay in the sun in the heat and heat. In the summer, the thermometer reaches 40 to 45 degrees under the rays of the sun. The body is cooled by evaporation. But since the compensatory reactions of a person are limited, thermal overheating occurs.
2. Work near heat sources. Workers of industrial enterprises, metallurgists, bakers, steel makers, confectioners can be hit.
3. Heavy loads. Muscular activity increases the amount of heat. If a person does physical work in a hot, unventilated room, evaporation of fluid slows down. The body does not have time to cool, sweats. The body overheats.
4. Increased humidity. Wet air masses are concentrated near lakes, oceans, streams, seas. The water from the reservoirs evaporates, the vapor enters the air. The possibilities of cooling the body with excessive moisture are limited. Thermal overheating occurs.
5. Limited drink. When the temperature of the environment is above the temperature of a person, the body is cooled by evaporation. The cells lose water. And if this loss is not repaired in time, dehydration occurs. The health of the victim will worsen.
6. Clothing made of synthetic materials. Synthetic does not conduct heat. During perspiration, the air space between the clothes and the skin is supersaturated with water vapor. Body cooling slows down. The temperature rises. In the summer it is recommended to buy clothes from linen, calico, cotton fabrics.
7. Drug Therapy There are medicines that reduce the work of sweat glands. Being in the heat or near hot appliances while taking medication causes heat stroke. Such drugs include antidepressants, antiallergic drugs, atropine.
8. Diseases of the nervous system. Identified isolated cases of heat stroke in diseases of the brain, responsible for heat transfer. Observed after injuries, hemorrhages.

Symptoms of a pathological condition

The occurrence of solar and thermal overheating causes deterioration of the body. There are characteristic signs and reactions that are similar in both blows. It is noticed that thermal overheating spreads at a slower rate.

Signs of thermal, solar shock:

1. Expand blood vessels. The skin reddens. It becomes wet, hot.
2. Appear dry mouth, thirst. There is muscle pain.

Symptoms of heat stroke characterize the following reactions:

1. There are signs of jaundice.
2. The temperature rises sharply. Keeps within 37,2 ° C, sometimes rises to 41 ° C.
3. Changes, confused consciousness. Reactions slow down, there are cramps, fainting.
4. The pulse is increasing. Breathing is interrupted. The heart rhythm is muffled.
5. Feels aching headache. Vomiting, nausea.

In children, signs of both beats appear faster. Initially, these reactions are observed:

• nausea;
• apathy;
• lethargy;
• blurred vision;
• dizziness.

Then:

• breathing quickens;
• the temperature rises sharply;
• vomiting occurs;
• severe headache.

Proper recognition of symptoms helps to provide the necessary assistance. Protect against the development of more severe consequences and complications.

First Aid

If you find the initial signs of solar, heat stroke, call and call a rescue team. Prior to the arrival of doctors, it is recommended to hold emergency events. This will save a person from further complications.

To do no harm, it is advisable to know how to help the victim of overheating.

Help for children from the year:

1. Put the baby in a cool, dark place.
2. Call an ambulance.
3. Turn the child on its side to prevent vomiting in the respiratory tract.
4. Remove, unbutton outerwear.
5. Give cool water to drink.
6. Put a wet napkin on the forehead.
7. Wipe the neck with a cold, wet towel, elbows bends, a place under the knees, armpits.

Help for adults:

1. Move the person into a dark, cool room. Open the windows.
2. Remove, undo cramped clothes.
3. Lay the victim horizontally, while raising the legs.
4. Remove dentures or false jaws to facilitate removal of vomiting.
5. In case of thermal injury, give a validol pill under the tongue. This will ease breathing.
6. Give a drink.
7. Put a cold, wet towel on the forehead and temples.
8. If you lose consciousness, rub the temples with a solution of ammonia.

In order to avoid serious, irreversible consequences, with any kind of strike, call an ambulance with a team of doctors.

What can not be done with heat and sunstroke

There are several actions and procedures, which are prohibited to conduct in case of overheating.

You can not:

1. Put a person in a cool bath. The blood vessels dilate, leading to hypothermia. Cold water causes a spasm of blood vessels, the heart pumps more blood. Heart disease exacerbates, muscle cells of the heart die. There is a heart attack.
2. Take a cold shower. Fraught with consequences, like taking a cold bath. In addition, inflammatory processes of the respiratory organs develop: angina, bronchitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis.
3. Impose ice bandages on the back, ore cell. They provoke a cold and inflammation.
4. Drink alcohol. Alcohol expands the blood vessels already expanded by heat. There is a redistribution of blood flow, blood pressure decreases. Disturbed blood supply and brain function.

What to do after?

After emergency care, the doctor prescribes the following medications to the patient:

• cooling the body and helping to restore the body's water balance: a solution of sodium chloride, ringer's solution or glucose.
• supporting work, stable heart condition: Refortan, Mezaton.
• normalizing the state of the respiratory system: Cordiamin, oxygen mask.
• preventing damage to brain cells: Sodium thiopental. Appointed in the intensive care unit.

Can I get a sunstroke in a solarium?

Sunburn does not occur during sunbathing procedures. This is explained by the device and operation of the devices installed in the booth. Special lamps shine with ultraviolet rays. Rays affect the skin surface, increase the amount of melanin. Pigment paints the skin in a golden, dark tan color.

It is established that in the solarium cabins the visitor is not exposed to infrared rays, leading to overheating. Therefore, the procedure does not cause sunstroke.

Doctors warn about the development of other complications during long tanning sessions. Sometimes a person gets burned skin. Observe the time taken for the procedures.

A burn in the tanning booth is not dangerous. The skin is quickly restored, the feeling of discomfort passes.

Prevention of thermal and sun shock

Sunstroke prevention consists in following the recommendations:

1. Limit your presence in the sun. The time interval from 10 am to 4 pm is considered harmful and dangerous. The rays during this period are intense. At the same time, you can not sunbathe and work in the sun.
2. Do not keep your head uncovered. Use scarves, caps, hats, panama white. This will reduce the harmful radiation of the sun.

Heat stroke prevention:

1. Limit your stay in the heat. You can’t stay near heat sources for long. Adults - no more than 2 hours. Children - up to 1 hour.
2. Limit time-consuming work in the heat. Exercise helps to overheat, provoke heat stroke. Work in the heat is recommended to be combined with breaks. Make in 30 minutes or 1 hour.
3. Follow the drinking regime. Under normal conditions, the rate of fluid per day is 2-3 liters. With the possible risk of overheating, the amount of water is increased by 40–90%. This prevents human dehydration.
4. Eat right. It is desirable to reduce fatty, fried foods in the diet. It raises body temperature. Recommended herbal products.
5. You can not drink alcohol. Expands blood vessels, reduces pressure, exacerbates heat stroke.

Remember! Solar and thermal shocks lead to serious consequences, but the implementation of preventive measures will help to prevent this. When the first symptoms of a stroke appear, it is important to provide first aid to a person.

Fulfillment of the rules of behavior in nature and heat will help to avoid the troubles of overheating and preserve good health.